Positive Psychology Theory And Core Concepts Psychology Essay

positive Psychology Theory And hollow Concepts Psychology Essay civilize intimidation is a growing public concern as it hindquarters throw away detrimental effect on subjective welf atomic number 18 of children and adolescents worldwide. Bullying usher out be defined and refered to as intentional , oppresive behavior against another someone that causes pysical and/psychological harm and can be classified into tetrad categories natural bullying such as hitting, pushing, kicking, spiting and punching.Verbal bullying such as name-calling, teasing, insultting and verbal threats.Social exclusion behaviors behaviors such as ignoring victims, spreading rumours just about victims, exclusing from social groups by indirect threats to friends of victims.Acts of extortion such as asking for silver or other material objects.(Olweus, 1994).Bullying can have a negative effect on victims, bullies and bystanders and impact psychosocial and physiologic health as well as academic aspiration (Hui, Tsang Law, 2011).Several research studies show that students with poor social relationships to family, friends and teachers are more than prone to be involved in peer victimization(Wong et al., 2008). Many of the victims of bullying suffer negative affects such as anger,anxiety,decreased self-consciousness or depression(Ng Tsang,. 2008 Fung Wong,. 2007). Some victims of bullying may as a moment turn into bullies themselves(Lam Liu,. 2007) and contribute to the comlex social interactions that involve takes, homes, parents, peers, adults, victims and bullies(Vreeman Carroll,. 2007). Many of the intimately putting green types of classroom and/or school antibullying discourses target trey see areas didactics social skills, changing group norms and increasing self-efficacy((Hui, Tsang Law, 2011). .Egan Todorov (2009) found that implementing treatments across built-in schools result to mettlesomeer rates of succes and implementing it into the regular curricul um would be most effective(Misha, 2008). Smith collegues(2004) found that several factors that affected the school climate such as interpersonal relationships and the quality of communication were not usually implement in the school-wide treatments. The social context play a key social occasion in promoting bullying behavior (Espelage Swearer,. 2003) and in creating a negative school climate. Implementing a positive psychological science intervention might prove usefull as a positive school climate promote positive ripening in children and adolescents and reduce aggression.(MIshna,. 2008Smith et al,. 2004 Whitted Dupper,. 2005 Orpinas Horne,. 2006)Positive Psychology Theory and Core Concepts should be applied to facilitate long-term well-being in School bullyingPositive psychology is the scientific study to understand , test, die and promote factors (e.g strengths and virtues) (Sheldon et. al. ,2000) that enable individuals and environments such as institutions and communit ies to thrive and flourish(Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). To Flourish heart to live with an optimal range of human functioning which is caliberized by four key components Goodness, Generativity, Growth and Resilience(Frederickson Losada,. 2005).Studies supports the adaptive effects of positive affects(for a re ruling, deal Lyubomirsky, King, Diener, in press) such as having a positive affect on attention(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005 Rowe , Hirsch Anderson,. 2005), increase intuition(Bolte, Goschkey, Kuhl ,.2003), creativity and coarseen behavioral repertoires(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005). Fredericksons (Frederickson, 2004). Positive emotions is a key component in intervention. The Broaden-and-build theory describes how positive emotions can broaden an individuals sight action patterns, and that although feeling good is a temporary experience, it can lead to a build up of enduring personal resources (social, intellectual, psychological and physical over time and this can produce an upward spiral towards increased subjective well-being(Frederikson, 2004). Hefferson Boniwell(2011) found that positive emotions not only mark or signal health and well-being, but also produce health and well-being this notion implies that the positive emotions transform individuals for the better and can make them more knowledgeable, effective, resilient and socially integrated()Frederickson, 2004). Isens (1990, p. 89) research also supports the broaden-and-build theory that positive emotions produces broad , flexible cognitive organization and ability to integrate diverse material. prejudicial emotions such as anxiety and depression can lead to a more narrow attention(Frederickson, 2004). An important question that arises when implementing the broaden-and-build theory is, how more advantageousness is needed to flourish(Frederickson, 2004). Negative emotions have always been the localize of traditional psychology and Baumeister, et al(2001) concluded that Bad i s stronger than good and to be able to over condescend the sweep over effect of negative emotions, Fredericks needed to found out how much favorableness was enough to make a difference. With the help of Losada (1999) and other researchers (Losada Heaphy, 2004) Frederickson found the positiveness ratio, stating that three positive emotions or more would negate one negative. This logical positivism ratio also has an upper limit where the effect decreases.It can be difficult to cultivate positivity as an individual, but there are several methods that Fredrickson Kurtz suggest might help, such as changing ones observatory from being positive to being open, appreciative.., curious and manikin(2011. p. 44) but also that creating high quality relationships can prove valuable to increasing positive emotions.An depict based intervention design tailored to case.The first part of my intervention(Gratitude Intervention) leave focus on positive emotions in the PERMA model of well-bei ng and the intervention method used will be to make the students keep a journal to count blessings for 2 weeks time. Froh, Sefick Emmons(2008) found that making students count blessings were associated with high levels of optimism, life-satisfaction and lowered negative emotions.The second part of my intervention will focus on building positive relationships by using the VIA-test from www.Via type.org. VIA stands for value in action and is a self-report test that consist of 240 questions that will help individuals to point their top character strengths out of the 24 strenghts in the VIA Classification. They will whence form groups of in class based on the indentified strengths.Character strengths can consequently be implemented in a positive psychology intervention where the students are asked to apply one of their top character strengths in a new way, every day for one week. This is also congruent with the three pillars of positive psychology wich consist of positive experienc es, strength based character and positive institutions. The PERMA model is a model of well-being and consist of fiver important elements positive emotions, engagement, meaning, accomplishment and positive relationships. The 24 character strengths defend all 5 elements in the PERMA model of well-being and using your highest strengths can lead to more postive emotions, more engagement, more accomplishment and to better relationships(Seligman, 2011 Hefferson Boniwell, 2011). The character strengths are divided up into 6 virtues.Wisdom and Knowledge creativity,curiosity,open-mindedness,love of learning,perspective, cosmos Courage bravery,persistence, integrity,vitalityHumanitylove,kindness, social intelligenceJustice citizenship, fairness, leadership sobrietyforgivenessandmercy,humility,prudence,self controlTranscendenceappreciation of beauty and excellence,gratitude, take to,humor,spiritualityCritical reflections about your intervention plan What might the pitfalls be?One of the main pitfalls of my intervention plan is positive psychology relies heavily on the notion that there are only negative or positive emotions, but Larsen et al.(2001,2004) concluded that this view is too simplistic as feelings are often mixed. Hefferon Boniwell (2011, p22-223) also argues that hope on one hand can be positive, but also lead to negative emotions like anxiety. Other researchers critize that positive psychology focuses to much on positivity and thus negating the potential of benifits of negative moods, such as bonding over negative complaints and events(Kowalski, 2002). Positive psychology interventions does not come with a one-size fits all as individuals, institutions and countries might have similar values or strengths but different ways of expressing them. Defensive pessimism might be another way of expressing this for certain individuals. The body of research being conducted on children and adolescents is growing. The interventions might also come of as being some kind of overt mind control when we try to make individuals focus on only the positive aspects of life.